Highbush blueberries are shallow-rooted, and notably, they lack root hairs. This makes their fine, fibrous roots reliant on open, porous soil for healthy growth. The presence of mycorrhizal fungi in the soil further supports their development, assisting with the absorption of nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen, which are crucial for plant health. These symbiotic fungi play a vital role in maintaining the plant's vigor, especially in poor soils.
Reaching full production takes 6 to 8 years, after which these plants yield bountiful harvests. Fruit intended for the fresh market is hand-harvested to minimize damage, ensuring high quality for consumers. Conversely, blueberries harvested by machines are often used for processing into products such as jams, juices, and frozen fruit.
In terms of geography, highbush blueberries are primarily cultivated in the United States, with Michigan, New Jersey, North Carolina, and Oregon being major producers. Canada, particularly British Columbia, also contributes significantly to production. Other important regions include Europe, New Zealand, and Australia, where the demand for both fresh and processed blueberries continues to grow.
The highbush blueberry industry has expanded in recent years due to the increasing recognition of the fruit's health benefits, including its high antioxidant content, which supports cardiovascular and cognitive health. Consequently, global production has surged, driven by the fruit's popularity in health-conscious markets.
Highbush Blueberries: Growth, Cultivation, and Global Importance
