Blueberry: Highbush and Rabbiteye
The blueberry belongs to the Ericaceae family, subfamily Vacciniaceae. Blueberries are found in many areas of the world but have gained greatest acceptance in the US and Canada.
The true blueberries belong to the ancient genus Vaccinium, subgenus Cyanococcus.
The blueberry has specific requirements regarding climate and soil.
The blueberry is a many seeded berry with small, soft seeds that allows it to be accepted by consumers who do not find the seeds objectionable.
Blueberries are a fast growing fruit crop with the fruit maturing 2 to 3 months after flowering.
After reaching its permanent color, the blueberry changes little in size and continues it improve in flavor and sweetness.
There are both wild and cultivated blueberry species. Blueberry varieties originate form the hybridization and breeding of native wild species.
Blueberry varieties are classified as early, early midseason, midseason, late season and late season according to time of maturity.
The cultivated blueberries are highbush and rabbiteye. The blueberry harvested commercially but not cultivated is the lowbush.
The highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum and Vaccinium australe) range in height from 1.5 to 7 m (5 to 23 ft) and like sunny, acidic areas with a pH between 4 and 5.
These blueberries are shallow-rooted plants and are characterized by the lack of root hairs.
These fine, fibrous roots require an open, porous soil for ease of growth. Blueberry roots are associated with mycorrhizal fungi in the soil that aid the plant in nutrient in nutrient absorption.
These blueberries usually require 6 to 8 years to reach full production. Fruit for use in the fresh market is hand-harvested while machine harvested fruit goes mainly to the processing market.
Major production areas are Michigan, New Jersey, North Carolina, Arkansas, Washington, Oregon, British Columbia, Canada, Europe, New Zealand and Australia.
The rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) can attain heights of approximately 10 m (33 ft) and re extremely vigorous, productive types with fruit similar to that of the highbush cultivars.
Rabbiteye are not winter hardy, but are drought tolerant. In the US, they are grown primarily in the southeastern areas.
It has a short chilling requirement, tolerant to a relative wide soil pH range and high temperatures.
Result suggest fertilization and fruit set of pollinated rabbiteye blueberries can be greatly impaired by even mild freezes (-1 to -2 degree C), whereas, appropriately timed applications of gibberallic acid can result in little reduction in fruit set even after moderate freezes ( -3 to -4 degree C) of blueberries during bloom.
This fruit can be hand or machine harvested.
Blueberry: Highbush and Rabbiteye
