In regions with hilly and rocky terrain, burning is often the preferred method of pruning due to the impracticality of mowing. To facilitate burning, straw or hay is spread over the field, either with a tractor-drawn straw layer or by hand in inaccessible areas. This straw is then set on fire, effectively burning both the straw and the aerial parts of all plants in the area. Where terrain allows, tractor-drawn burners help control the burning process, ensuring an even and thorough job.
Chemical weed control is a widespread practice applied in the spring following pruning. This method has proven highly effective in eradicating nearly all competing weeds, including those that bear berries and could potentially spoil the blueberry harvest. By reducing weed competition, wild blueberries can gradually spread into areas previously occupied by weeds. Furthermore, chemical weed control allows for more efficient use of fertilizers. Instead of promoting weed growth, the nutrients are absorbed exclusively by the blueberry roots, enhancing the plants' growth during the first year of the biennial cycle. This growth phase is crucial, as it establishes the framework for flower production and, consequently, fruit yield in the following year.
Pollination is another critical aspect of blueberry cultivation. As blueberries begin to flower in early May, many growers introduce hives of honeybees to the fields to aid in pollination. However, it is the wild, solitary bees that play the most significant role in pollinating wild blueberries. These bees are more effective than honeybees in ensuring that flowers are adequately pollinated, leading to a higher fruit set.
To further support fruit development, some growers provide irrigation during dry spells. This practice ensures that the developing blueberries receive sufficient water to swell and mature properly. While irrigation is not universally available due to the variability of terrain and water sources, it can significantly impact yield in areas where it is feasible.
In conclusion, the biennial cropping cycle of wild blueberries involves a series of carefully timed and managed practices, including pruning, chemical weed control, pollination, and irrigation. Each step is designed to optimize plant health, control pests and weeds, and maximize fruit yield. This meticulous approach ensures that wild blueberry cultivation remains sustainable and productive, benefiting growers and consumers alike.
The Biennial Cycle of Wild Blueberry Cultivation
