The Vaccinium L. genus, encompassing around 400 species, exhibits a broad distribution, primarily thriving in mountainous tropical regions but extending across all continents except Australia. While initially regarded as having minimal agricultural value, blueberries have transformed into a highly prized crop capable of flourishing in acidic and poorly drained sandy soils.
The distinctive features of blueberry fruits include their circular and slightly flattened shape, accompanied by small, mostly elliptic leaves with short stalks. Notably, the fruit showcases a crown-like structure at the calyx end and a depressed ring at the top where the stem was attached.
The smooth and soft skin of blueberries ranges in color from light blue to dark blue, often with a subtle grayish tint. Typically measuring around 1/2 inch in diameter, these berries have become sought after for their appealing taste and nutritional benefits.
The domestication of blueberries stands as a notable achievement, achieved entirely within the 20th century. Initially, it is likely that wild lowbush blueberry plants were the first to undergo cultivation, with Native North Americans employing controlled burns to stimulate their growth.
In contemporary times, the popularity of blueberries has soared due to their recognized health benefits, being rich in antioxidants and vitamins. This has led to increased cultivation and consumption globally, with diverse varieties being developed to meet the growing demand for these versatile and nutritious berries. As research continues, ongoing efforts aim to further enhance blueberry cultivation, ensuring sustainable practices and the continued availability of this valuable crop worldwide.
Blueberry Genus and Cultivation
